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station this is houston are you ready

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we are ready for the event

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lbj library this is mission control

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houston please call station for a voice

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station this is lbj library in austin

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we have you loud and clear how do you

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hear us

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we hear you wonderfully thank you so

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much

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all right i have our first student here

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uh what are you doing during the

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year-long mission in the international

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well you know we do a lot up here we

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have uh about

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400 different uh scientific experiments

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throughout the time that misha and i are

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here and those are

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in all different types of uh scientific

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disciplines we also do

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maintenance on the space station and we

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uh do certain activities to improve it

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we're doing uh

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a shell ingredient one of the other

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astronauts and i are doing a spacewalk

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next week to do that

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but the stuff that's specific to this

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flight the one-year flight

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has to do with understanding you know

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how our physiology

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changes throughout the uh you know a

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longer time in space and how

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we are going to

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you know prevent those changes

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understand them so we can go on to mars

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can you tell us more about the russian

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well the russian soyuz vehicle is a very

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reliable

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spacecraft that has been flying for over

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50 years

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it is our rescue vehicle and at the same

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time it's

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our vehicle that drives us to the

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station we like this vehicle very much

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and i hope our colleagues like it as

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well so far it is the only vehicle

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flying to the station and a rescue

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vehicle that we're using

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it is a vehicle that has been upgraded

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it's not the same that has been flying

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20 years ago and i would like to

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emphasize again it is a very reliable

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this is a question for scott what makes

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your year-long mission different from a

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well you know there's the obvious things

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and you know i

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it's part of the question

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you know it's much longer but that also

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means it's uh

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you know it's harder

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in uh you know that you're isolated uh

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you know for a longer period of time i

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think it's you know it's twice as long i

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think it's more than twice as hard

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though um

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and what comes with that that that

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duration is extra training um

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you know we're gonna do more activities

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while we're up here we're gonna do more

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science we're gonna do uh you know have

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a larger variety of of types of things

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we need to be responsible and accomplish

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so the training

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is uh more difficult we're here with uh

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misha and i are here with uh

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you know 12

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actually i'll be here with 13 other crew

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members including

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misha

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and

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so

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you know we just have to get

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you know comfortable working with

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different people

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and

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it just makes for a

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you know more complicated

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but at the same time a more rewarding

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question from michael what does the

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launch is

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a very impressive event

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it was my second launch i have

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more experience than most but it's

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always an unforgettable very exciting

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experience but also it's

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an activity at work that requires a lot

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of responsibility

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these are the most important stages of

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the flight in space exploration the

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entire

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mission

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accomplishment and success depends on

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that

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this is a surprise question from

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scott from mark your brother

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with so much conflict around the world

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involving energy

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what if anything is being done

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on the iss to solve the global energy

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well that's a good question i didn't

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know i was going to get questions from

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this facility

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and this orbiting laboratory is a

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you know a very

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energy efficient uh environment we use

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solar energy

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uh it's been powering our human presence

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here for the last 15 years we've had

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people living here completely on

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on solar energy

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we

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recycle

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our water

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we basically take our urine and turn it

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into water

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and we can drink that

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and

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you know from that water we also

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through a process of electrolysis we

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we scrub our atmosphere of carbon

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dioxide and

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you know which is which is co2 and

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you know from the oxygen

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we get out of that co2 and the uh

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the hydrogen we get out of making

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electricity out of our water we also can

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make more water so it's kind of this

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closed-loop

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environmental control system

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and uh energy system i guess you could

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say that really just uses the sun

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to to make it all happen and

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you know it's a state-of-the-art system

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it allows us to i think understand how

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we can

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uh you know use uh renewable energy in a

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much uh

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more

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complete way

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um we also do other kinds of scientific

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experiments for instance we're standing

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right near next to this uh combustion

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integrated rack which is very you can't

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see it because the door is closed but

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it's very complicated uh furnace

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scientific furnace that

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allows us to uh

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do experiments to understand uh the

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process of combustion better how to make

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you know combustion uh reactions

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we also have this

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japanese experiment going on now called

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plant gravity sensing it's a follow-on

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to a previous experiment but it's the

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idea is if we understand how

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uh plants um

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you know how they their genetics are

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such that they

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go towards gravity versus water

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if you could genetically engineer a

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plant that would be more prone for the

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roots to to travel towards water you

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could use

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theoretically use less water to uh to

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grow them and you know water is also

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a you know national security issue or

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will be for for some countries so

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uh you know understanding those kind of

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processes the

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renewable energy

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uh how to better use water to grow our

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food is uh you know very important for

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you know the planet uh down below that

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we're looking at right through our

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window down there

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what can you see from the space station

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it depends

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which one place we are flying off

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for example now i see a

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pacific ocean

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if i don't mind

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and in

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in several minutes

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under the india south america

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south america

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yes

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and

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all circle around the earth it's 90

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minutes and we can observe

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practically

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90 percent of of earth

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it's very impressive

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yeah

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and and to just add to that i think

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maybe what you're getting at is maybe

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what uh what can you see

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that is uh

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you know made by by people

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and uh you know there's this common

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misconception that we can see the great

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wall of china for instance

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but you can't because it's not that

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large

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but also because it's generally made

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with the materials that are surrounding

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it so it's somewhat camouflaged but we

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could see airports uh stand out

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um

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you could see fields that are you know

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for for uh

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you know farmers fields that are in

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certain shapes

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um you can definitely see cities

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especially at night but you can see

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cities and tell if that's something that

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is man-made the other thing that's

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really easy to see

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that is uh as a result of you know

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human

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you know our life on earth is pollution

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you can definitely tell that there's

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certain areas of the world that are

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much more polluted than others because

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you generally don't see

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see those cities

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and see

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right i have two questions

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my first one is how long do you have to

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yes so um you know i think

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generally for a long duration space

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flight we train from you know two to

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three years

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but uh you know that's after you're

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already a an astronaut and or cosmonaut

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and have been

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you know training

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um

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you know since you started there which

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is usually the basic training i think

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for both of our programs is on the order

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of

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you know two to three years

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and

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so from the time you know you get

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selected as an astronaut probably the

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minimum minimum amount of time you would

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wind up training these days

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is from you know five to six years for a

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uh

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for a flight but

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you know this uh you know this facility

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is so complicated the work we do here uh

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you know is tough in a lot of ways that

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you know i think there are skills that i

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learned in uh you know as when i was

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your age that are you know serving me

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well up here so i look at it as more of

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a lifelong you know training process to

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get here versus you know any particular

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this one for scott

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what effects does the space flight have

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yeah there's a bunch of effects from uh

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living in microgravity um

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you know some of them those overwhelming

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like the uh you know loss of bone mass

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and

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diet

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uh there's also a recent thing we've

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discovered a few years ago is effect

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effects on the

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structure of our

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our eyes and uh optic nerve and

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and uh an impact on our our vision

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and uh

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knowing how to prevent that is going to

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be important for

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you know any future trip to trips to

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mars we also have the effects of

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radiation

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which

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you know can affect us uh you know in

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varying ways and some of those ways you

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may never even find out but we do get we

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do get a

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pretty healthy dose of radiation up here

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and that's uh you know that's kind of a

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negative effect

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the uh

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there's also an effect on our immune

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system our immune system is somewhat

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degraded while we're in space

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but there are a lot of positive effects

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of living up here

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you know you get a unique uh perspective

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on our planet that is uh

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is uh you know really hard to to

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describe sometimes but you know seeing

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the earth down there and understanding

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that all the people

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you know that we you know know and love

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and things we care about are all right

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right down there

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and uh you know see how you know the

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earth looks more like you know uh

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one country than just a bunch of

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different countries it looks like we're

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kind of all in this

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situation down there together

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um

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and then you you know the other positive

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thing is you get to work on something

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that we we think is very important you

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know something we feel very strongly

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about and uh

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and you know work with a great group of

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poor mikhail what do cosmonauts do when

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um

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there is such a time

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stage that both that includes

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post-flight rehabilitation

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we're going to have a year of

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rehabilitation scott and myself after

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our long duration mission

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then we're going to have the medical

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examination

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that will clear us for subsequent

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training

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then you

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are assigned a new flight and then

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you're going to go through a two and a

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half or three year long training for the

341
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next flight that is a brief description

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this is a question for scott what kind

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yeah so we have

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here we have all different kinds of food

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most of it is

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this

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food that's called radiated um so it's

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uh

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hit with some radiation to kill any

350
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bacteria or germs it might have

351
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those are kind of like you know military

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00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:36,399
style

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what are called mres or meals ready to

354
00:15:42,230 --> 00:15:39,680
eat

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you know food in a bag

356
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and then we have i don't know if we have

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00:15:49,030 --> 00:15:47,199
any around here but we have some

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00:15:52,710 --> 00:15:49,040
rehydratable food it's kind of like

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00:15:54,870 --> 00:15:52,720
camping food that you add water to

360
00:15:56,710 --> 00:15:54,880
it's expensive to fly stuff to orbit so

361
00:15:58,470 --> 00:15:56,720
if you can you know launch

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food that doesn't have the weight of the

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water

364
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and the

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00:16:05,269 --> 00:16:02,560
you know the volume that that then takes

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00:16:06,629 --> 00:16:05,279
up it's more cost effective

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00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:06,639
and it's you know

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stays fresh longer so we have a lot of

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00:16:12,710 --> 00:16:11,600
rehydratable food we have some food

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that's uh

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00:16:16,710 --> 00:16:14,160
you know you can buy in the grocery

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store stuff that is what we call off the

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shelf

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and uh you know that our people that

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manage our food system like a you know

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package of tuna fish for instance things

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00:16:28,470 --> 00:16:26,639
like that cosmonauts food's different we

378
00:16:30,230 --> 00:16:28,480
share a lot of the stuff a lot of their

379
00:16:33,269 --> 00:16:30,240
stuff comes in cans

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but it's good and it's great to have a a

381
00:16:59,430 --> 00:16:44,629
what do you do for fun and do you get to

382
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oh you practically answered the question

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um we do watch tv

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00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:08,160
there is a tv channel here but it

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00:17:14,309 --> 00:17:11,280
has a short band and we also have a

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00:17:15,990 --> 00:17:14,319
library we can watch movies we can read

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00:17:17,990 --> 00:17:16,000
books we can call

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00:17:18,870 --> 00:17:18,000
over the regular phone

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00:17:23,829 --> 00:17:18,880
to

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00:17:25,669 --> 00:17:23,839
internet access

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00:17:28,549 --> 00:17:25,679
on saturdays and sundays we have video

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00:17:30,710 --> 00:17:28,559
conferences with families so it is a

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00:17:32,710 --> 00:17:30,720
variety of

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00:17:34,870 --> 00:17:32,720
psychological support that is available

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00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:34,880
to the crew and it is very good it does

396
00:17:45,190 --> 00:17:43,110
so this is a question for scott are you

397
00:17:51,590 --> 00:17:45,200
able to contact your family or use any

398
00:17:54,789 --> 00:17:53,510
yeah like uh you know misha was just

399
00:17:56,470 --> 00:17:54,799
saying we have

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00:17:59,029 --> 00:17:56,480
the ability to communicate with friends

401
00:18:00,630 --> 00:17:59,039
and family via via a

402
00:18:02,549 --> 00:18:00,640
telephone

403
00:18:03,430 --> 00:18:02,559
it's kind of like a skype

404
00:18:07,350 --> 00:18:03,440
type

405
00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:07,360
capability voice over ip is

406
00:18:12,710 --> 00:18:09,919
how it's generally referred to so you

407
00:18:14,470 --> 00:18:12,720
know a call over the internet

408
00:18:17,750 --> 00:18:14,480
probably about 50 minutes out of every

409
00:18:19,270 --> 00:18:17,760
hour we have enough coverage to do that

410
00:18:21,350 --> 00:18:19,280
we have the ability to do a video

411
00:18:23,190 --> 00:18:21,360
conference obviously like what we're

412
00:18:24,230 --> 00:18:23,200
doing here right now so we can do that

413
00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:24,240
with our

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00:18:29,669 --> 00:18:26,080
our families

415
00:18:31,029 --> 00:18:29,679
generally once a week we have email and

416
00:18:33,350 --> 00:18:31,039
uh

417
00:18:34,549 --> 00:18:33,360
we also have the capability to get on

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the internet

419
00:18:36,710 --> 00:18:35,760
and

420
00:18:38,310 --> 00:18:36,720
you know

421
00:18:40,630 --> 00:18:38,320
on different websites although it's

422
00:18:42,870 --> 00:18:40,640
somewhat slow it's still

423
00:18:45,029 --> 00:18:42,880
better than nothing so we have a lot of

424
00:18:58,150 --> 00:18:45,039
a lot of capability to stay in contact

425
00:19:11,510 --> 00:19:00,070
this one raquel what is the most

426
00:19:14,070 --> 00:19:12,470
all right

427
00:19:15,669 --> 00:19:14,080
i've heard that that's our last question

428
00:19:22,230 --> 00:19:15,679
thank you guys so much for joining us

429
00:19:29,510 --> 00:19:24,710
well it was uh it was our pleasure and

430
00:19:38,630 --> 00:19:32,230
station this is houston acr